All the just listed reasons are increasing researchers’ interest in this technology. Moreover, in the long run, V2G could reduce investment in new power generation infrastructure. With V2G, as all the energy storage systems, EVs battery can be used not only as back up resource but also to improve the power quality, the stability and the operating cost of distribution network. This latter technology can bring significant improvement in the overall reliability of the distribution grid, since in case of system failure, peak load demand or other unexpected scenarios, with a bidirectional power flow, the EVs can be used as back up generation, supplying the energy back to the grid when needed. The bidirectional power flow adds to the grid-to-vehicle interaction (G2V) also the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. Ī battery charger can allow a unidirectional or bidirectional power flow at all power levels. Table 1 summarize the characteristics of the three different power levels. In this paper only conductive charging strategies are analyzed.īased on their power ratings EV battery chargers can be divided into level 1, level 2 and level 3. Anyway, due to some challenges such as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, limited power transfer, bulky and expensive structures, shorter range, and lower efficiency, inductive chargers are not largely commercialized and employed as the conductive ones. In general, WCS can bring some advantages in the form of aesthetic quality, reliability, durability and user friendliness. This latter method allows battery charging while the vehicle is in motion. WCS can be stationary, which means that they can only be utilized when the car is parked or in stationary modes, such as in car parks, garages, or at traffic signals, or they can be dynamic. Inductive charger are wireless charging systems (WCS). īatteries can be charged through conductive or inductive methods.

One efficient approach to relieve the effect is to integrate local power generation such as renewable energy sources (RESs) into the EV charging infrastructure. However, a critical problem associated with EVs is that their high penetration causes significant issues on the power distribution grid such as: power quality deterioration, enhanced damaged of line, downturn of distribution transformers, increased distortion and higher fault current. It is estimated that by 2022, EVs will be over 35 million in the World. For this reason, in the last decade, EVs have become in some way widespread, principally because of their negligible flue gas emissions and lesser reliance on oil. Growing concern of carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse effects and rapid depletion of fossil fuels raise the necessity to produce and adopt new eco-friendly sustainable alternatives to the internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicles.

Fast car battery charger